![]() ![]() In this model, the universe is assumed to consist primarily of an unknown substance known as dark energy, denoted by the Greek letter Λ, and cold dark matter (CDM), where "cold" means that it does not move around too fast. The model is based upon one of the most well-tested theories in physics, the theory of general relativity, which describes how matter affects space, and how space affects matter. "ΛCDM"-pronounced "Lambda-CDM"-is the moniker given to the best model we have for describing the structure and evolution of our universe. The study has just been published in The Astrophysical Journal. If we can determine how common and severe the effect is at earlier epochs, and quantify it, we will be closer to inferring robust stellar masses of distant galaxies, which is one of the main current challenges of studying galaxies in the early universe," concludes Clara Giménez Arteaga. "Other studies at much later epochs have also found this discrepancy. The next step is therefore to look for signatures that does not require the high resolution, and which correlate with the "true" stellar mass. The effect has been studied before, but only at much later epochs in the history of the universe. Stellar mass is one of the main properties used to characterize a galaxy, and Giménez-Arteaga's result highlights the importance of being able to resolve the galaxies.īut for the most distant and faint ones, this is not always possible. ![]() Our analysis shows that bright, star-forming clumps may dominate the total light, but the bulk of the mass is found in smaller stars." If we just look at the combined light, the bright stars will tend to completely outshine the faint stars, leaving them unnoticed. Giménez Arteaga explains, "Stellar populations are a mixture of small and faint stars on one hand, and bright, massive stars on the other hand. So what is the reason that the stellar masses turn out to be so much larger? If the two different approaches agreed, all galaxies would lie along the slanted line named "The same." But they all lie above this line. The figure below shows the five galaxies with their stellar masses determined by both ways. In fact the inferred stellar masses now turned out to be up to ten times larger. "In principle, one might expect the results to be the same: Adding the light from all pixels and finding the total stellar mass, versus calculating the mass of each pixel and adding all individual stellar masses. "We used the standard procedure to calculate stellar masses from the images that James Webb has taken, but on a pixel-by-pixel basis rather than looking at the whole galaxy," says Giménez Arteaga. However, taking a closer look at a sample of five galaxies, observed with James Webb, Giménez Arteaga found that if the galaxy is regarded not as one big blob of stars, but as an entity build up of multiple clumps, a different picture emerges. The usual approach is to consider the combined light from the whole galaxy. In essence, a galaxy's stellar mass is estimated by measuring the amount of light emitted by the galaxy, and calculating how many stars are needed to emit this amount. student at the Cosmic Dawn Center, proposes an effect that could further increase the tension. Or we could just have been lucky and somehow have discovered the most massive of the galaxies at that time.īut now Clara Giménez Arteaga, Ph.D. Their stellar masses could be overestimated. Disturbingly, several of the galaxies seemed to be "too massive."įrom our currently accepted concordance model of the structure and evolution of the universe, the so-called ΛCDM model, they simply shouldn't have had the time to form so many stars.Īlthough ΛCDM is not a holy indestructible grail, there are many reasons to wait claiming a paradigm shift: The measured epochs at which we see the galaxies could be underestimated. If you have been following the first results from the James Webb Space Telescope, you have probably heard about the paramount issue with the observations of the earliest galaxies: They are too big.įrom a few days after the release of the first images, and repeatedly through the coming months, new reports of ever-more distant galaxies appeared. ![]()
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